Men's Health - 2 Answers
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1 :
Transmittion of HIV occurs when there is an exchange of body fluid between an infected person and a second person. This occurs in situation i.e. unprotected sex or with blood transmittion. Unprotected sex include anal and vaginal intercourse. While blood tramittion include blood transfusion, using dirty needles, mother infecting her child during pregnancy. The rate of transmittion is based on the virulancy of the virus, the number of the virus in the body fluid, and the amount that was transmitted. Therefore, if you are stuck with a needle 18 gage from an HIV person, the rate of transmittion is as low as <1%. Also the rate of transmittion from a pregnant women to her unborn child is decreased with using HIV meds. Again, otherways of transmitting the disease include sharing needles with HIV persons. Getting blood transfusion from HIV person. The rate of getting infected blood in the US is very low. You have 4-5 greater chance of getting hit by lightning than from being infected from blood transfusion. This was not the case in the 80's.
2 :
The key is for certain bodily fluids to be exchanged between two people -- one of whom has HIV. Major ways include: a) Unprotected sex (certain types are riskier than others). This includes M/M (probably highest risk), F/F and F/M (probably the greatest current source of spread). b) Blood transfusions in the early 80s (not now); c) IV drug abuse with shared needles; d) Accidental exposure of health care workers (needle stick, surgery nick) e) HIV positive moms to newborns. Other ways that are, at least in theory, possible (if very rare or undocumented): a) contaminated medical instruments (there is thought to be one case in Florida with dental intruments that had not been properly sterilized) b) Any other fluid exchange. For example kissing is thought to be very low risk. OTOH, if both persons had open wounds inside the mouth... c) Blood to blood contact (i.e., boxing).
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